ガイドライン1:哲学論文の読み方2 |
Go Back and Read the Article Carefully
論文の中心的結論と論文の全体的構造がわかったら、次にはじめから丁寧に読み返すべし
When you've figured out what the main conclusion of an article is, and what the overall structure of the article is, go back and read the article carefully. Pay attention to how the various parts fit together.
最も重要なのは、著者の中心的議論を見抜くこと;結論を導くためどのような論拠を提出しているのか?論文のどこでその議論を述べているのか
Most importantly, figure out what the author's central argument(s) are. What reasons does he offer in support of his conclusions? Where in the article does he put these reasons forward?
次の諸点が大切
Also keep an eye out for the following:
Notice where the author says explicitly what he means by a certain term.
Notice what distinctions the author introduces or argues for.
Take special notice of any unargued assumptions you think the author is relying on.
Consider various interpretations of what he says. Are there any important ambiguities that his argument fails to take account of?
All of these things will help you to understand the article better. And they'll be crucial when you're trying to evaluate the author's argument, and deciding whether or not you should accept his conclusion.
論文の中心的議論のフローチャートを書いてみるべし、書けなければよくわかっていないので、論文に戻りさらに読むべし
In your notes, you might make a quick outline of the article's major argumentative "pieces." Draw arrows to diagram how you think those pieces fit together. If you can't do this, then you need to go back and look at the article again to get a better understanding of what the author is up to.
哲学論文は1回読んだだけではだめ。10年以上哲学をやってきた私も、今なお何度も何度も読んでいる。それでも疑問は残るはず。クラス等で質問すべし。
You should expect to read a philosophy article more than once. I've been doing philosophy for more than ten years and I still have to read articles many times before I fully understand them. Intellectually digesting a philosophy article takes time, effort, and concentration. You definitely won't understand everything in the article the first time you read it, and there may be some parts of the article you don't understand even after reading them several times. You should ask questions about these parts of the article (in class or after class or in section, as you judge appropriate). You could say:
質問のサンプル:たとえば次のように聞けばよい。
What is going on on p. 13? Descartes says X, but I don't see how this fits in with his earlier claim Z. Is X supposed to follow from Z? Or is he trying here to give an argument for Z? If so, why does he think that X would be a reason in favor of Z?